Dorchester Illustration 2685, Alexander Pope, Jr., Emblems of the Civil War

Alexander Pope, Jr., Emblems of the Civil War

Dorchester Illustration 2685

Today’s illustration is a painting by Alexander Pope, Jr., of a wooden wall with artifacts from the Civil War, the painting is titled Emblems of the Civil War.

Pope first worked for the family lumber company in Dorchester. He first began using his talent as an artist by carving animals from wood. He went on to become a very well-known painter.

The following is from various internet sources:

“Alexander Pope Jr. (1849-1924) was a renowned American sporting artist who specialized in animal and still life paintings. Born in Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1849, he briefly studied sculpture with the prominent artist William Copley and essentially taught himself to paint. As a youth, Alexander Pope carved and sketched animals around his home in Massachusetts. In the 1860s, he worked for his family’s lumber business (at Neponset). Although primarily lauded as a painter, he continued producing sculptures well into the 1880s and later became a member of the famed art association the Copley Society of Boston.

“In 1878 and 1882, he published two important portfolios of chromolithographs after his watercolors: Upland Game Birds and Water Fowl of the United States and Celebrated Dogs of America. In addition to his more conventional animal paintings, Pope was also known for his still-life compositions of dead animals hanging in the interior of wooden crates, which innovatively combined his avid interest in hunting and fishing with the trompe l’oeil style of painting. His works and those of the influential trompe l’oeil painter William Harnett (1848-1892) helped popularize the genre of still life in late nineteenth-century America.

“Throughout the late 1880s, Pope painted large trompe l’oeil still lifes, a painting technique that literally means, “that which deceives the eye.” Pope reproduced realistic images that fool the viewer’s eyes into perceiving the image as three dimensional.”

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Dorchester Illustratin 2684 Codman Mansion

Today’s illustration includes two drawings of the Codman mansion. The lower image was torn from the same notebook as last week’s drawing (Blaney Memorial Baptist Church), by an artist who signed the image: F.G.H. We are still trying to find out more about his artist.

The following information is from the entry for Joseph Clapp in “The Clapp Memorial. The record of the Clapp Family in America” … Ebenezer Clapp, compiler. (Boston: David Clapp & Son, 1876)

“Dr. Codman graduated at Harvard College in 1802, studied for the ministry under the Rev. Henry Ware, then of Hingham, and in 1805 embarked for Europe, to finish his theological studies there [at Edinburgh University]. After spending three years broad, he returned home, and in August, 1808, first preached to the Second Church in Dorchester, then recently organized, their new meeting-house having been dedicated Oct. 30, 1806. He was ordained pastor of this church Dec. 7, 1808, the Rev. Dr. Channing (from whom he very soon after separated in theological belief) preaching the ordination sermon. In about a year after his settlement, commenced the celebrated controversy between him and many members of the parish, which lasted for three years, but neither the merits nor the details of which can be here entered into. In 1821, an interesting journey by Dr. C. and his wife was made to the state of Georgia, including a Sunday passed at Midway, among the descendants of the people of Dorchester who emigrated thence in 1695. They then took passage for Europe, returning home the next year. Two other visits to Europe were afterwards made by Dr. C. The position attained by Dr. Codman as pastor of the Second Church, and as a leading and able minister in the denomination to which he belonged, was elevated, and his death, which took place Dec. 23, 1847, in his 66th year, was much lamented.”

Dr. Codman bought a house on the hill at the northwest corner of what is now the intersection of Washington Street and Gallivan Boulevard. After his death, his heirs rented out the property, which was used in the second half of the 19th century as a school for young ladies and in the first half of the 20th century as a dairy farm.

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Dorchester Illustration 2683 Blaney Memorial Baptist Church

Blaney Memorial Baptist Church

Dorchester Illustration 2683

Miss Mercy Blaney died in 1884, leaving $20,000 for the building of a church, which was erected in 1887 at the southeast corner of Richmond Street and Dorchester Avenue. Blaney lived on Temple Street in Lower Mills.

Today’s illustration is an ink drawing from 1893, torn from the sketch book of an artist with the initials F. G. H. We are trying to find out more about this artist. The bottom image in today’s illustration is a postcard from the 19-teens.

The Blaney Memorial Baptist Church had been organized Nov. 13, 1882, with a membership of twenty-five. Before the construction of the church, meetings had been held in Hutchinson’s Hall (the old Methodist Church building) for six months in 1879, and beginning again in January 1881. In April 1882, the services moved to the Associates Building, where the congregants met for six years.

Abner Chute, of Milton, built the Blaney Memorial Baptist Church in the Carpenter Gothic style. The church building stood where the Rockland Trust Bank (formerly Meeting House Cooperative) is now located. The church building was taken down in the 1980s when the property was sold to the bank.

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Dorchester Illustration 2682, Coal Gas Holder at Adams Corner

Coal Gas Holder at Adams Street and Gallivan Boulevard

Dorchester Illustration 2682

The Dorchester Gas Light Company was incorporated in 1854. “Gideon Beck, Alexander Pope, and Charles C. Harrington, their associates and successors, are hereby made a corporation, by the name of the Dorchester Gas Light Company, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling gas in the town of Dorchester. … Said corporation, with the consent of the selectmen of the town of Dorchester, shall have the power and authority to open the ground in any part of the streets, lanes, and highways, in said, for the purpose of sinking and repairing such pipes and conductors as it may be necessary.”

Coal gas, which was manufactured by heating coal, was used for gas lamps both in homes and on public streets. The gas was stored locally in gas holders, sometimes called gasometers, and was distributed through wooden or metal pipes. Many of the gas holders were telescoping, that is, they were balloons that could rise when gas was pumped in and fall when gas was drawn out.

Today’s illustration is a photograph of the gas holder circa 1871 that was located at the corner of Adams Street and Marsh Street (now Gallivan Boulevard). At least a portion of the structure still exists and is incorporated into the rounded back wall of the Erie Pub.

Other Dorchester holders were located on Freeport Street and Franklin Court. Local gas companies in the Boston area were brought together in 1905 to form the Boston Consolidated Gas Company.

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Dorchester Illustration 2681, Wood Mausoleum, Dorchester Old North Burying Ground

Wood Mausoleum, Dorchester Old North Burying Ground

Dorchester Illustration 2681

The Wood mausoleum is the largest above-ground structure in the Dorchester Old North Burying Ground. It was erected in memory of Caroline Elizabeth Wood, 1822-1892, beloved and devoted wife of Charles Austin Wood, 1818-1898. The mausoleum and its sheltered doorway are shown in today’s illustration. A portrait of Charles Austin Wood and an illustration of the Wood Block at Port Norfolk are also included in the illustration.

Caroline was a descendant of George Minot who settled in Dorchester in the 1630s. Charles Austin Wood was born in Ashland, Mass. on May 5, 1818. In the 1840s and early 1850s, he began his career in real estate buying a number of large tracts of land in Port Norfolk. The 1850 map of Dorchester, commissioned by the Old Colony Railroad, shows that Port Norfolk was largely undeveloped at that time.

On April 1, 1830, or possibly 1840, he moved to Neponset, where he lived for forty years. For many years, he was a river pilot. In 1842, he established the first wood and coal yard in Neponset in connection with a grain business. Just before the Old Colony Railroad was built, Wood bought a considerable amount of real estate in the neighborhood, and after selling out his coal and grain business, he began building extensively. Before he left Dorchester, he had erected more than forty buildings including his home and the large brick block which bears his name. In 1855, Mr. Wood was one of the founders of the Dorchester Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In the same year, he was one of the selectmen in Dorchester.

The Wood Block referred to the building later occupied by the Dorchester Mutual Fire Insurance Company and the attached buildings behind it. On Feb. 12, 1862, Wood sold the property to Otis Wright. It was described as “a lot of land situated in said Dorchester with a building thereon called Wood’s Block with a tenement adjoining the main block.” The block still stands at 5-11 Woodworth St., Dorchester.

Wood had the Hotel Vendome built in Boston, and in 1870, he moved into the hotel as its manager. He entered the insurance and brokerage business on State Street, with offices in New York. He did a flourishing business in real estate investment in the Back Bay.

Wood died on July 31, 1898.

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Oliver and Royall Tomb, Dorchester Old North Burying Ground

Dorchester Illustration 2680

Oliver and Royall Tomb, Dorchester Old North Burying Ground

Dorchester Illustration 2680

 

The monument for the Isaac Royall family marksthe largest tomb in the Dorchester Old North Burying Ground.

The picture at the top of today’s illustration comes from a 1904 report from the Boston Parks Department. The bottom image is how the monument looks today.

Isaac Royall was born in Maine in 1672, the son of William and Mary Royall, his  parents were of modest means. Royall moved with his family to Dorchester, when he was three years old. He became a merchant mariner and at 28, established a sugar cane plantation on the West Indies island of Antigua. He married Elizabeth Elliott on July 7, 1697 in Charlestown. He later purchased the property now known as the Royall House and Slave Quarters in Medford.

Robert Oliver married a step-daughter of Isaac Royall. He is described in Robert Tracy Jackson. “History of the Oliver, Vassall and Royall Houses in Dorchester, Cambridge and Medford.” The Genealogical Magazine, January, 1907, Vol. II, No. 1.1907.

“About 1737, Robert Oliver, a wealthy planter from Antigua [West Indies], settled in Dorchester. … Robert bought a number of pieces of land [in Dorchester], of which 30 acres had been the property of Comfort Foster; and on this homestead lot, he built in 1745, a fine mansion which took the place of a more modest house.” …

“Tradition records that he brought many black slaves with him. … Three of his slaves, named Ann, Cambridge and Betty, are buried in the old North Cemetery in Dorchester.”

The Oliver house was later the birthplace of Edward Everett at Five Corners, now Edward Everett Square.

“The graves of these slaves are in the northwestern portion of the cemetery, near to what is now Columbia Road, formerly Boston Street. Their positions are close together and are marked by three small slate head-stones. The epitaphs are worth recording as I believe they have not been previously published.

“ANN A NEGRO CHILD

BELONGING TO Mr.

ROBERT OLIVER, & DAUGr. TO HIS

NEGRO NIMBO; AGED 2 Yrs.

DIED JUNE 1743.

“CAMBRIDGE A NEGRO

BOY BELONGING TO

ROBERT OLIVER Esqr.

AGED 3 YEARS HE

DIED DECr. Ye 14, 1 1747

“BETTY A NEGRO

SERVANT OF COL.

ROBERT OLIVER

DIED FEBy Ye 19, 1748. AGED

ABOUT 25 YEARS.”

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Dorchester Illustration 2679 Dot Art Visits Dorchester Historical Society

Dot Art Visits Dorchester Historical Society

Dorchester Illustration 2679

We were delighted to welcome students from Dot Art’s summer program to the William Clapp House last week. They focused on the Dorchester Pottery collection as an example of a local industry and the technology involved. We discussed the molds used to produce large quantities of stoneware and the long process of firing the pieces in the pottery’s wood-fired beehive kiln.

They also visited the Roswell Gleason pewter collection, the original kitchen, the barn with its many tools and implements, and the carriage house complete with outhouse.  The students asked many questions about how technology has changed our lives over the years.

When they returned to their base at the Little House, they made works of art using dry clay. We look forward to welcoming another group in August, when the focus will be on the Huebener Brick Collection.

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Dorchester Illustration 2678, William Clapp House

William Clapp House, Dorchester Illustration 2678

The maintenance of the Dorchester Historical Society’s properties is ongoing and endless, and not always visible. The refurbishment of the entry hallway at the 1806 William Clapp House at 195 Boston St., has been a rewarding exception, carried out by a number of DHS Board members along with skilled professionals.

The project began with stripping the faded and peeling wallpaper and pulling up the worn carpeting. The walls and woodwork were prepped and painted. Then came the challenge of choosing new wallpaper and carpet. After considerable searching and soul-searching (reproduction period papers were beyond our budget), the DHS Board approved “Woodland Chorus” by the English company Sanderson. Last week the wallpaper was installed by an expert paper hanger.

We are very pleased with the result. Stay tuned for the final step, the carpeting of the hallway, which we hope to complete by the fall.

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James Foster gravestone, Dorchester Illustration 2677

James Foster gravestone,

Dorchester Illustration 2677

 The Dorchester Old North Burying Ground has a type of marker called portrait stones.

The City of Boston website, https://www.boston.gov/departments/parks-and-recreation/iconography-gravestones-burying-grounds, has the following entry:

“Another type of decorative carving, often called “portrait stones,” was more selectively employed on Boston gravestones. The images are not actual portraits of the deceased person, yet they do realistically resemble people. Hair, distinct facial features, and clothing are prominent characteristics of these “portrait” carvings. Because many carvers repeatedly used certain motifs and styles or carving, study has shown the faces of many of the “portraits” are nearly identical.”

There were three generations of Dorchester stone carvers named James Foster. James II, 1698-1763 whose stone is today’s illustration, is noted to have a style of carving that cannot be differentiated from the style of his father, James, the elder. Unless James II carved his own stone before his death, it is likely that James III, 1732-1771, was the carver of the stone in the illustration.

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Dorchester Illustration 2676, Marker for Revolutionary War Soldiers

Marker for Revolutionary War Soldiers, Dorchester Illustration 2676

 Revolutionary War soldiers are remembered by a marker in the Dorchester Old North Burying Ground. This was the only public cemetery in Dorchester from the 1630s until 1814, when the South Burying Ground was opened on Dorchester Avenue, a little south of Gallivan Boulevard.

The marker is a boulder and bronze tablet that lies over the graves of Revolutionary War soldiers, who died during the siege of Boston and were buried in the years 1775-1776. It was erected in 1903 by the Massachusetts Society of Sons of the American Revolution.

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